ʻO ka nitrous oxide, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ke kinoea ʻakaʻaka a i ʻole nitrous, he hui kemika ia, he oxide o ka nitrogen me ke ʻano N2O

Hoʻolauna Huahana

ʻO ka nitrous oxide, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ke kinoea ʻakaʻaka a i ʻole nitrous, he hui kemika ia, he oxide o ka naikokene me ke ʻano N2O. Ma ka mahana o ka lumi, he kinoea ʻaʻohe kala ʻaʻole ia e lapalapa, me kahi ʻala metala iki a me ka ʻono. I nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, he oxidizer ikaika ka nitrous oxide e like me ka oxygen molekala.

He nui nā hoʻohana lapaʻau a ka nitrous oxide, ʻoiai hoʻi i ke ʻoki kino a me ke niho, no kona anesthetic a me nā hopena hōʻemi ʻeha. ʻO kona inoa "gas ʻakaʻaka", i kapa ʻia e Humphry Davy, ma muli o nā hopena euphoric i ka hanu ʻana iā ia, kahi waiwai i alakaʻi ai i kona hoʻohana leʻaleʻa ma ke ʻano he anesthetic dissociative. Aia ia ma ka Papa Inoa o nā Lāʻau Lapaʻau Koʻikoʻi o ka World Health Organization, nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono a palekana loa e pono ai i kahi ʻōnaehana olakino. [2] Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ia ma ke ʻano he oxidizer i nā propellants rocket, a i ka heihei kaʻa e hoʻonui i ka mana o nā mīkini.

Nā kikoʻī

Noi

Lapaʻau
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka nitrous oxide i ka hana niho a me ke ʻoki kino, ma ke ʻano he anesthetic a me analgesic, mai ka makahiki 1844

Uila
Hoʻohana ʻia ia me ka silane no ka waiho ʻana o ka mahu kemika o nā papa silicon nitride; hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi ia i ka hana wela wikiwiki e ulu i nā oxides puka kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻopili a hoʻouna ʻana

Nā hana kōkua mua

KA HANU ʻANA: Inā loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole, e lawe i kahi i haumia ʻole ʻia. E hāʻawi i ka hanu hana inā ʻaʻole

hanu ʻana. Inā paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana, pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka oxygen e nā limahana akamai. E kiʻi koke

mālama lapaʻau.

PILI ANA I KA ʻILI: Inā loaʻa ka hau a i ʻole ka hau ʻana, e holoi koke me ka nui o ka wai mehana (105-115 F; 41-46 C). MAI HOʻOHANA I KA WAI WELA. Inā ʻaʻohe wai mehana, e ʻōwili mālie i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia i loko.

nā pale moe. E kiʻi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

PILI ME KA MAKA: E holoi i nā maka me ka wai nui.

KA INO ʻIA ʻANA: Inā moni ʻia kahi nui, e ʻimi i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

HOʻOMANAʻO I KE KAUKA: No ka hanu ʻana, e noʻonoʻo i ka oxygen.

Nā hoʻohana

1. Nā motika Rocket

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nitrous oxide ma ke ʻano he oxidizer i loko o kahi motika rocket. He mea maikaʻi kēia ma mua o nā oxidisers ʻē aʻe no ka mea ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻawahia wale nō, akā ma muli o kona kūpaʻa ma ka mahana o ka lumi ua maʻalahi hoʻi ke mālama a ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka lawe ʻana ma kahi lele. Ma ke ʻano he pōmaikaʻi lua, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe koke ʻia e hana i ka ea hanu. ʻO kona nui kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi mālama haʻahaʻa (ke mālama ʻia ma ka mahana haʻahaʻa) e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻokūkū nui me nā ʻōnaehana kinoea kiʻekiʻe i mālama ʻia.

2. ʻEnekini kuni kūloko —(ʻEnekini nitrous oxide)

I ka heihei kaʻa, ʻo ka nitrous oxide (i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "nitrous") e ʻae i ka ʻenekini e puhi i ka wahie hou aku ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka oxygen ma mua o ka ea wale nō, e hopena ana i ka puhi ʻana i ʻoi aku ka ikaika.

ʻOkoʻa iki ka nitrous oxide wai o ke kaʻa mai ka nitrous oxide lapaʻau. Hoʻohui ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka sulfur dioxide (SO2) e pale aku i ka hoʻohana ʻino ʻana i nā mea ʻona. Hiki i nā holoi pinepine ʻana ma o kahi kumu (e like me ka sodium hydroxide) ke wehe i kēia, e hoʻemi ana i nā waiwai ʻino i ʻike ʻia i ka wā e hoʻomake hou ʻia ai ka SO2 i ka wā e puhi ʻia ai i loko o ka waikawa sulfuric, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i nā hoʻokuʻu.

3. Mea hoʻoulu aerosol

Ua ʻae ʻia ke kinoea no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui meaʻai (i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo E942), ʻoiai hoʻi ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu ʻaila aerosol. ʻO kāna hoʻohana maʻamau i kēia ʻano, aia i loko o nā pahu kirīmi aerosol, nā mea ʻaila kuke, a ma ke ʻano he kinoea inert i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoneʻe i ka oxygen i mea e kāohi ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka bacteria i ka wā e hoʻopiha ai i nā ʻeke o nā ʻuala ʻuala a me nā meaʻai māmā like ʻē aʻe.

Pēlā nō, ʻo ka ʻaila kuke, i hana ʻia mai nā ʻano ʻaila like ʻole i hui pū ʻia me ka lecithin (he emulsifier), hiki ke hoʻohana i ka nitrous oxide ma ke ʻano he propellant. ʻO nā propellant ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻaila kuke e komo pū me ka waiʻona papa meaʻai a me ka propane.

4. Lāʻau lapaʻau——–Nitrous oxide (lāʻau lapaʻau)

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka nitrous oxide i ka hana niho a me ke ʻoki kino, ma ke ʻano he anesthetic a me analgesic, mai ka makahiki 1844.

He mea hoʻonāwaliwali ka nitrous oxide, a no laila, ʻaʻole hoʻohana wale ʻia i ka hoʻonāwaliwali laulā, akā hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kinoea lawe (i hui pū ʻia me ka oxygen) no nā lāʻau hoʻonāwaliwali laulā ikaika e like me sevoflurane a i ʻole desflurane. Loaʻa iā ia ka liʻiliʻi o ka alveolar concentration o 105% a me ka coefficient mahele koko/kinoea o 0.46. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nitrous oxide i ka hoʻonāwaliwali ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka nausea a me ka luaʻi ma hope o ka hana ʻana.

Ma Beritania a me Kanada, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Entonox lāua ʻo Nitronox e nā limahana ambulance (me nā kauka i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻole ʻia) ma ke ʻano he kinoea analgesic wikiwiki a maikaʻi loa.

Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 50% nitrous oxide no nā mea kōkua mua i aʻo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻoihana ma nā wahi ma mua o ka haukapila, no ka maʻalahi a me ka palekana o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka 50% nitrous oxide ma ke ʻano he analgesic. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o kona hopena e pale aku ai iā ia mai ka pale ʻana i ka hōʻailona.

5. Hoʻohana leʻaleʻa

ʻO ka hanu ʻana i ka nitrous oxide, me ke kumu o ka euphoria a/a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hallucinations liʻiliʻi, i hoʻomaka ma ke ʻano he hanana no ka papa kiʻekiʻe Pelekane i ka makahiki 1799, i ʻike ʻia ʻo "nā pāʻina kinoea ʻakaʻaka".

Ma United Kingdom, e like me ka makahiki 2014, ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻohana ʻia ka nitrous oxide e kahi hapalua miliona mau ʻōpio ma nā wahi pāʻina pō, nā ʻahaʻaina, a me nā pāʻina. ʻOkoʻa loa ke kānāwai o kēlā hoʻohana ʻana mai kēlā ʻāina a i kēia ʻāina, a mai kēlā kūlanakauhale a i kēia kūlanakauhale ma kekahi mau ʻāina.