Aia kekahi mau honua e like me ko kākou? Mahalo i ka holomua o ka ʻenehana astronomical, ua ʻike mākou i kēia manawa aia nā kaukani o nā hōkū e hoʻopuni ana i nā hōkū mamao. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi hou i loaʻa i kekahi mau exoplanets ma ke ao holoʻokoʻaheliumnā lewa waiwai. ʻO ke kumu o ka like ʻole o ka nui o nā hōkū ma ka ʻōnaehana solar e pili ana i kaheliummaʻiʻo. Hiki i kēia ʻike ke hoʻonui i ko mākou ʻike no ka hoʻomohala honua.

He mea pohihihi e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka nui o nā hōkūhele extrasolar

ʻAʻole hiki i ka makahiki 1992 i ʻike ʻia ka exoplanet mua. ʻO ke kumu i lōʻihi loa ai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hīkū ma waho o ka ʻōnaehana solar, ʻo ia ke ālai ʻia e ka mālamalama hōkū. No laila, ua hele mai ka poʻe astronomers i kahi ala akamai e ʻimi ai i nā exoplanets. Nānā ia i ka pōʻeleʻele o ka laina manawa ma mua o ka hala ʻana o ka honua i kona hōkū. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻike mākou i kēia manawa he mea maʻamau ka honua ma waho o kā mākou ʻōnaehana solar. ʻO ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ka lā e like me nā hōkū he hoʻokahi ka nui o ka honua mai ka Honua a hiki i Neptune. Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau hokele he "hydrogen" a me "helium" lewa, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ke kinoea a me ka lepo a puni nā hōkū i ka wā hānau.

ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā exoplanets ma waena o nā hui ʻelua. ʻO kekahi ma kahi o 1.5 manawa ka nui o ka honua, a ʻo kekahi ʻoi aku ma mua o ka pālua o ka nui o ka honua. A no kekahi kumu, ʻaʻohe mea ma waena. Kapa ʻia kēia amplitude deviation "radius valley". ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kēia mea pohihihi i manaʻo ʻia e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia mau hokele.

ʻO ka pilina ma waenaheliuma me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka nui o nā hōkūhele extrasolar

ʻO kekahi kuhiakau, ʻo ia ka pili ʻana o ka nui (awāwa) o nā hōkūhele extrasolar i ka lewa o ka honua. ʻO nā hōkū he mau wahi ʻino loa, kahi e hoʻopā mau ʻia ai nā hōkū e nā kukui X a me nā kukuna ultraviolet. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻoneʻe kēia i ka lewa, a waiho wale i kahi kumu pōhaku liʻiliʻi. No laila, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Isaac Muskie, he haumāna kauka ma ke Kulanui o Michigan, a me Leslie Rogers, he astrophysicist ma ke Kulanui o Chicago, e aʻo i ke ʻano o ka wehe ʻana o ka lewa honua, i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka lewa".

No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hopena o ka wela a me ka radiation ma ka lewa o ka Honua, ua hoʻohana lākou i ka ʻikepili honua a me nā kānāwai kino e hana i kahi kumu hoʻohālike a holo i 70000 simulation. Ua ʻike lākou, he mau piliona makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā hōkūhele, e nalowale ka hydrogen me ka liʻiliʻi atomic mass ma muahelium. ʻOi aku paha ma mua o 40% o ka nuipa o ka lewa o ka Honuahelium.

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā planeta he hōʻailona ia i ka ʻike ʻana i ke ola extraterrestrial

No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hopena o ka wela a me ka radiation ma ka lewa o ka Honua, ua hoʻohana lākou i ka ʻikepili honua a me nā kānāwai kino e hana i kahi kumu hoʻohālike a holo i 70000 simulation. Ua ʻike lākou, he mau piliona makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā hōkūhele, e nalowale ka hydrogen me ka liʻiliʻi atomic mass ma muahelium. ʻOi aku paha ma mua o 40% o ka nuipa o ka lewa o ka Honuahelium.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā hokele i loaʻa i ka hydrogen a meheliumloaʻa nā lewa hoʻonui. No laila, inā e mau ana ka lewa, manaʻo ka poʻe he hui nui ia o nā hōkū. Hiki ke wela kēia mau hīnaʻi āpau, ʻike ʻia i ka pāhawewe ikaika, a loaʻa ka lewa kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke ola. Akā ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka honua e hiki ai iā mākou ke wānana pololei i ke ʻano o nā planeta a me ko lākou ʻano. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā exoplanets e hānau ana i ke ola.