ʻAmonia (NH3)

Nā ʻāpana ʻenehana

ʻO ka ammonia wai, ka mea i ʻike ʻia he ammonia anhydrous, he wai kala ʻole me ka ʻala ʻala a me ka corrosive. Ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, hoʻohana ʻia ka ammonia e kiʻi i ka ammonia wai ma ke kaomi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana i ka ammonia no ka maʻalahi o ka lawe ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ammonia wai i ka wai, a hana ʻia ka ammonium ion NH4+ a me ka hydroxide ion OH- ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai. He alkaline ka hopena. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ammonia wai i ka ʻoihana, he corrosive a maʻalahi hoʻi e volatilize, no laila ke kiʻekiʻe loa ka nui o kāna ulia pōpilikia. ʻO ka ammonia wai ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai ʻole, a hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi e like me ka refrigerant a me ka hana ʻoihana ʻenehana. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā fertilizers, explosives, plastics a me nā fiber kemika. He mau waiwai ho'ēmi ikaika ko ka metala-wai ammonia a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka synthesis inorganic a me ka organik. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i ka synthesis o nā pūhui metala hoʻololi me nā kūlana oxidation haʻahaʻa. I loko o ke kemika organik, hoʻohana ʻia ka solution sodium-liquid ammonia i ka hopena hoʻemi Birch e hōʻemi i ke apo ʻala i ka ʻōnaehana apo cyclohexadiene. Hiki i ka wai amonia wai o ka sodium a i ʻole nā ​​metala ʻē aʻe ke hōʻemi i nā alkynes e hana i nā trans-olefins. I ka ʻoihana kemika, ʻo ka ammonia wai kekahi o nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana o ka urea. I ka manawa like, ma muli o kāna mau mea kemika kūikawā, hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia i ka semiconductor a me nā ʻoihana metallurgical. Mālama ʻia ka ammonia wai i loko o nā pahu kila a i ʻole nā ​​pahu kila, ʻaʻole hiki ke noho pū me ka acetaldehyde, acrolein, boron a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Pono e mālama ʻia nā cylinders ammonia wai i loko o kahi hale kūʻai a i ʻole ma kahi kahua me kahi hale. Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lewa ākea, pono e uhi ʻia me kahi hale lole e pale ai i ka lā pololei. Pono e pale ʻia nā pahu kila a me nā pahu pahu e lawe ana i ka amonia wai mai ka wela i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana, a pāpā loa ʻia ke ahi.

Noi:

1. Nā mea hoʻomomona kemika:
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ammonia wai i ka hana ʻana i ka waikawa nitric, urea a me nā mea kanu kemika ʻē aʻe.
 
2. Nā mea maka:
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea maka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka pesticide.
 
3. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka rocket, missile propellant:
I ka ʻoihana pale, hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka rocket, missile propellant.
 
4. Pahu hau:
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka refrigerant.
 
5. Mercerized pau 'ana o textiles:
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ammonia wai no ka hoʻopau Mercerized o nā textiles.

Nui pūʻolo:

Pono:

1. Hoʻokumu kā mākou hale hana i ka NH3 mai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai maka, ʻokoʻa ke kumukūʻai.
2. Hoʻokumuʻia ka NH3 ma hope o nā manawa he nui o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i kā mākou hale hana.
3. I ka wā o ka hoʻopiha ʻana, pono e hoʻomaloʻo mua ʻia ka cylinder no ka manawa lōʻihi (ma ka liʻiliʻi o 16hrs), a laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe mākou i ka cylinder, hope mākou e hoʻoneʻe iā ia me ke kinoea kumu.
4. Ua noho mākou ma ke kahua Gas no nā makahiki he nui, ʻike waiwai i ka hana ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana aku e lanakila mākou i ka hilinaʻi o nā mea kūʻai aku, ʻoluʻolu lākou i kā mākou lawelawe a hāʻawi mai iā mākou i ka ʻōlelo maikaʻi.